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Dolomite powder is a fine, white to off-white powder produced by crushing, grinding, and sieving the natural mineral dolomite, a calcium magnesium carbonate with the chemical formula CaMg(CO₃)₂. This mineral is distinct from pure calcium carbonate (limestone) due to its significant magnesium content, typically around 20%. The powder's properties are defined by this dual composition, offering a source of both calcium and magnesium oxides. It is valued for its relative softness (around 3.5-4 on the Mohs scale), whiteness, chemical neutrality, and thermal behavior. When calcined (heated to high temperatures), dolomite decomposes to a mixture of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, known as dolomitic lime or dead-burned dolomite, which has important refractory properties.

The applications of dolomite powder are diverse across industrial and agricultural sectors. In its raw form, it is used extensively as a functional filler in plastics, paints, rubber, and sealants to improve properties like stiffness and weather resistance. It serves as a fluxing agent in iron and steel production to remove impurities and protect refractory linings. In glass manufacturing, it contributes magnesium to improve chemical durability and workability. Agriculturally, it is applied as a soil conditioner to neutralize acidic soils and supply essential magnesium to crops. The calcined product is critical in manufacturing refractory bricks for steelmaking furnaces. While not as reactive as pure calcium carbonate, dolomite powder's dual mineral content, availability, and low cost make it a versatile and economical industrial mineral for a wide range of manufacturing and agricultural processes.